History

THE EARLY YEARS

The Cable and Wireless story starts in the 1850’s when Sir John Pender, a Manchester cotton merchant, joined the board of the English and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, which was set up to run a telegraph cable service between London and Dublin.  This was soon after the first submarine cable had been laid, between England and France, and coincided with the first laying of cables in India, Britain's largest overseas territory.

In 1866, a Pender-led consortium laid the first submarine cable across the Atlantic Ocean using Brunel's ship, the Great Eastern. In 1870, the Great Eastern laid the cable from Bombay to Porthcurno in the south west of England; this became the biggest cable station in the world. Further submarine cables were then laid from the United Kingdom to the Caribbean, Asia, Australia and the United States.  In 1872, the Eastern Telegraph Company was formed following the merger of a number of cable companies.

WORLD WARS

The Great Eastern Company went from strength to strength, enabling people to communicate across long distances. This was especially important in World War I where the company played a vital role in keeping communications links open, as well as listening in on the enemy. It profited from a huge growth in the use of telegrams; these were preferred to letters, which were often delayed by the lack of civilian shipping.

For the first time cables became targets of warfare in themselves, with both sides repeatedly trying to cut each other’s cables to disrupt communications. Gaining control of the transatlantic cable was regarded as a major coup.

With the development of wireless telegraphy, the company merged with the Wireless Telegraph Company founded by Marconi in 1929. The Imperial and International Communications company was formed. It was the biggest wireless and cable company in the world and was renamed Cable and Wireless Limited in 1934.

World War II revived the cable wars with the German-owned cables across the Atlantic being cut once more. Cable and Wireless' communications network again played a vital role in aiding communications between the allied countries and the theatres of war. It supplied the wireless equipment for the North African campaign in 1942.

POST-WAR DEVELOPMENTS

After the war the company was nationalized, acknowledging the vital importance of the international communications infrastructure. Cable and Wireless became the international communications business of the British Post Office. Its overseas assets were also acquired by governmental bodies in other countries where it had operations.

As telegraphy became obsolete in the 1950s, the development of coaxial voice transmission offered the chance to switch over to telephone cables. The company worked with AT&T and the Canadian Overseas Telecommunications Corporation to lay TAT-1, the first telephone cable across the Atlantic. This was successfully completed in 1956.

Throughout the 1960s more UK overseas territories became independent states. In many cases their external telecommunications systems had been operated by Cable and Wireless, which then became a junior partner of the new governments.

Cable and Wireless was privatised by the Thatcher Government. In 1981, 49 per cent of the company was sold and the remaining 51 per cent was offered to the public in two tranches, in 1983 and 1985. In 1981, Mercury Communications was created by Cable and Wireless to provide fixed line telecommunications services in the UK, as a competitor to BT.

BUILDING THE BUSINESS

In 1993, One2One, a Mercury Communications division, launched mobile communications to the UK consumer market. In 1997, Mercury merged with several UK telecommunications operators and was renamed Cable & Wireless Communications (CW Communications); Cable and Wireless owned a 53% stake in CW Communications.

Following the Mercury merger, Cable and Wireless disposed of its stakes in a number of companies including One2One, Hong Kong Telecom and Australian Optus. The company began developing its business around a global IP network, selling global IP services and building its hosting expertise.

The company's main objective for the 1990s was the completion of the global digital "highway," linking the centers of the world economy through fiber optic cables. The highway included the private transatlantic telecommunications cable, which came into operation in the autumn of 1989. It linked the company’s customers and those of its partner, US Sprint, within the UK and United States and with the European mainland, Bermuda and many other Atlantic countries.

A NEW ERA

In 2003, Sir Richard Lapthorne was appointed Chairman to lead a turnaround of the business following a downturn in financial performance. A number of disposals and acquisitions followed, including the purchase of Energis, in 2006, to strengthen Cable and Wireless' position in the UK. In 2006, Cable and Wireless reorganised internally to create two operating units. These later became the Cable & Wireless Communications Group and the Cable&Wireless Worldwide Group.

In 2008, Cable and Wireless completed the purchase of THUS Group plc, a UK telecommunications group.  THUS Limited is a stand-alone business within the Cable&Wireless Worldwide Group, it provides advanced business communications to small and medium sized enterprises.

On 26th March 2010, Cable&Wireless Worldwide demerged from Cable and Wireless plc and was listed as a public company on the London Stock Exchange.